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EXAMPLE: “Paid for by the Court Jesters Union PAC (and not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee.”Īdditional requirements apply for print, television and radio ads, as explained on this page. The disclaimer notice must also provide the payor’s permanent street address, telephone number, or website address and must further state that the communication was not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee.
#POLITICAL MAILINGS FULL#
A disclaimer notice must contain the full name of the individual, group, political committee, corporation, or labor organization that paid for the communication, along with any abbreviated name it uses to identify itself.
#POLITICAL MAILINGS TV#
Another study tested the entire suite of campaign outreach tools - canvassing, mailings, phone banking, and TV and online advertising - and found the cumulative effect of such efforts to be virtually zero.Ĭonclusion: Endorsements can matter, but only under the right circumstances and among endorsers with rarefied levels of clout and appeal.Communications paid for by an individual, a group, a political committee, a corporation, or a labor organization, but not authorized by a candidate or a candidate’s campaign, must contain a disclaimer notice identifying who paid for the communication and indicating whether any candidate or candidate’s committee authorized the communication. A 2004 study by Alan Gerber of Yale University found household political mailings to increase vote probabilities for a given candidate by a measly 0.2%. And, changing a voter’s mind is a notoriously difficult thing to do. For instance, a 2014 study by Valerie O’Regan found that young adults are more likely to listen to people other than celebrities for their political information. While endorsements from someone of the stature of a Jim Clyburn in South Carolina or an Oprah Winfrey in Illinois (and nationally) can tip the scales of an election, most endorsements mean very little in the grand scheme of things. Lesson #3: E ndorsements matter, but they matter less than politicians think.
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Given that the popular vote total in the 2008 Democratic Primary was extremely close (17,535,458 for Obama and 17,493,836 for Clinton), it may well have been Oprah’s endorsement that put Obama over the top. Examining the impact of Oprah Winfrey’s endorsement of Barack Obama in the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary, they estimate that the endorsement translated to approximately 1,000,000 additional votes for Obama. How valuable can these endorsements be? Research conducted by the University of Maryland economists, Craig Garthwaite and Timothy Moore, provides one useful data point. AFP PHOTO/Mandel NGAN (Photo credit should read MANDEL NGAN/AFP via Getty Images) AFP via Getty Images The Medal of Freedom is the country's foremost civilian honor. the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House on Novemin Washington, DC. US President Barack Obama chats with broadcast journalist Oprah Winfrey before presenting her with. The fact is that it’s much easier to follow the party line than to evaluate the merits and shortcomings of each and every political policy. Why? A lot of it has to do with what some might call cognitive “laziness.” Our capacity to engage in effortful thought is limited and, believe it or not, few people want to spend their precious cognitive energy on politics. In other words, voters are much more likely to take their cues from political parties than actual policies - a phenomenon referred to as the “party-over-policy” effect. Likewise, conservatives will agree with liberal welfare policies when they are supported by House Republicans. But what happens when people are told the policy is supported by a majority of House Democrats/Republicans? It turns out that liberals will agree with conservative welfare policies when such policies are supported by House Democrats. Not surprisingly, liberals tend to support generous welfare policies while conservatives tend to oppose them.
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There is a famous study in political psychology in which people are asked to indicate their support for various social and economic policies.